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		<title>Membuat Pertanyaan Konfirmasi</title>
		<link>http://fr4mz.wordpress.com/2008/06/14/membuat-pertanyaan-konfirmasi/</link>
		<comments>http://fr4mz.wordpress.com/2008/06/14/membuat-pertanyaan-konfirmasi/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Jun 2008 01:17:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>fr4mz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Javascript]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fr4mz.wordpress.com/2008/06/14/membuat-pertanyaan-konfirmasi/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Dalam membuat program, ada kalanya kita ingin agar data yang diinput tidak salah. Teknik Validasi yang anda terapkan pun, misalnya validasi nama tidak boleh angka terkadang tidak maksimal. Kalau misalnya kita salah mengetik nama “Ivan” dengan “Ivam”, pasti nama akan lansung tersimpan bukan? Bukan hanya itu, biasanya seorang user tidak sengaja menekan tombol “enter”. Padahal [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=fr4mz.wordpress.com&blog=1186443&post=18&subd=fr4mz&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0.5in;"><img src="http://h1.ripway.com/ilmuwebsite2/ilmuwebsite/ivan/pk.jpg"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0.5in;">Dalam membuat program, ada kalanya kita ingin agar data yang diinput tidak salah. Teknik Validasi yang anda terapkan pun, misalnya validasi nama tidak boleh angka terkadang tidak maksimal. Kalau misalnya kita salah mengetik nama “Ivan” dengan “Ivam”, pasti nama akan lansung tersimpan bukan? Bukan hanya itu, biasanya seorang user tidak sengaja menekan tombol “enter”. Padahal belum selesai mengetik. Ada cara untuk mengatasi hal diatas, yakni dengan membuat pertanyaan konfirmasi. Pertanyaan konfirmasi berfungsi untuk menampilkan pertanyaan “ok” dan “cancel”. Ini untuk memastikan apakah data yang diinput sudah benar dengan melakukan pengecekan ulang.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0.5in;line-height:normal;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Pertanyaan konfirmasi sepeti diatas dapat dibuat dengan javascript.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;">Buat file dengan nama pertanyaan.js lalu ketikkan script berikut :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><u><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;">pertanyaan.js</span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);" lang="IN">function pertanyaan()<br /> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);" lang="IN">{<br /> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);" lang="IN"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>if(confirm(&#8216;Anda yakin yang ingin anda posting ini sudah benar?&#8217;))<br /> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);" lang="IN"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>{<br /> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);" lang="IN"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>return true;<br /> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);" lang="IN"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>}<br /> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);" lang="IN"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>else<br /> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);" lang="IN"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>{<br /> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);" lang="IN"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>return false;<br /> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);" lang="IN"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>}<br /> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);" lang="IN">}</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><u><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;">index.html</span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:rgb(0, 112, 192);">&lt;html&gt;<br /> </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 112, 192);">&lt;body&gt;<br /> </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 112, 192);"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);" lang="IN">&lt;script language=&#8221;javascript&#8221; src=&#8221;</span><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);">pertanyaan</span><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);" lang="IN">.js&#8221;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</span><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;color:rgb(0, 112, 192);"><br /> </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 112, 192);"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>&lt;a href=# onclick=”return pertanyaan ()”&gt;Tes membuat pertanyaan&#8230;..&lt;/a&gt;<br /> </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 112, 192);">&lt;/body&gt;<br /> </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 112, 192);">&lt;/html&gt;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;">Sedikit Penjelasan kode diatas :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;">Pada pertanyaan.js, dibuatkan perintah confirm untuk menampilkan kotak pesan ok dan cancel. Karena menggunakan function, kita gunakan return TRUE jika benar dan return FALSE jika salah. Lalu pada bagian yang ingin dimunculkan pertanyaan, tambahkan perintah onclick. Maksudnya ketika diklik,event apa yang terjadi.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;">Yah, sekian dulu lah penjelasan dari saya. Jika ada yang ingin ditanyakan, silahkan menghubungi saya di</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;">Email1 : <a href="mailto:ivan@ilmuwebsite.com">ivan@ilmuwebsite.com</a> <br /> &nbsp; Email 2 : <a href="mailto:ivan_wen_piao@yahoo.co.id">ivan_wen_piao@yahoo.co.id</a><br /> Web : <span>&nbsp;</span><a href="http://ivan.ilmuwebsite.com/">http://ivan.ilmuwebsite.com</a></span></p>
<p>Silahkan download sourcenya&nbsp; <a href="http://h1.ripway.com/ilmuwebsite2/ilmuwebsite/ivan/pertanyaan.zip">Disini</a><br /><span style="font-size:9px;">Sumber dari situs <a href="http://www.ilmuwebsite.com">Ilmu Website</a> dalam kategori <a href="http://www.ilmuwebsite.com/javascript/">javascript</a> dengan judul <a href="http://www.ilmuwebsite.com/detil_javascript/13/Membuat_pertanyaan_konfirmasi/">Membuat pertanyaan konfirmasi</a></span></p>
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			<media:title type="html">Fram</media:title>
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	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Membuat Hujan Cinta</title>
		<link>http://fr4mz.wordpress.com/2008/06/14/membuat-hujan-cinta/</link>
		<comments>http://fr4mz.wordpress.com/2008/06/14/membuat-hujan-cinta/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Jun 2008 01:11:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>fr4mz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Javascript]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fr4mz.wordpress.com/2008/06/14/membuat-hujan-cinta/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;Script ini hanya jalan di Internet Explorer&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;
contoh buka: http://www.ilmuwebsite.com/javascript/hujan-cinta.htm
&#60;html&#62;&#60;head&#62;&#60;/head&#62;&#60;body bgcolor=&#8221;black&#8221;&#62;
&#60;body&#62;&#60;!&#8211; file &#8220;ani_heart.gif&#8221; bisa kamu ganti sendiri terserah &#8211;&#62;&#60;script language=&#8221;JavaScript1.2&#8243;&#62;
&#60;!&#8211; Beginvar no = 12; // number of heartsvar speed = 10; // smaller number moves the hearts fastervar heart = &#8220;ani_heart.gif&#8221;;var flag;var ns4up = (document.layers) ? 1 : 0;&#160; // browser sniffervar ie4up = (document.all) ? [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=fr4mz.wordpress.com&blog=1186443&post=17&subd=fr4mz&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br />Script ini hanya jalan di Internet Explorer<br />&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;</p>
<p>contoh buka: http://www.ilmuwebsite.com/javascript/hujan-cinta.htm</p>
<p>&lt;html&gt;<br />&lt;head&gt;<br />&lt;/head&gt;<br />&lt;body bgcolor=&#8221;black&#8221;&gt;</p>
<p>&lt;body&gt;<br />&lt;!&#8211; file &#8220;ani_heart.gif&#8221; bisa kamu ganti sendiri terserah &#8211;&gt;<br />&lt;script language=&#8221;JavaScript1.2&#8243;&gt;</p>
<p>&lt;!&#8211; Begin<br />var no = 12; // number of hearts<br />var speed = 10; // smaller number moves the hearts faster<br />var heart = &#8220;ani_heart.gif&#8221;;<br />var flag;<br />var ns4up = (document.layers) ? 1 : 0;&nbsp; // browser sniffer<br />var ie4up = (document.all) ? 1 : 0;</p>
<p>var dx, xp, yp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // coordinate and position variables<br />var am, stx, sty;&nbsp; // amplitude and step variables<br />var i, doc_width = 800, doc_height = 600;<br />if (ns4up) {<br />doc_width = self.innerWidth;<br />doc_height = self.innerHeight;<br />} else if (ie4up) {<br />doc_width = document.body.clientWidth;<br />doc_height = document.body.clientHeight;<br />}<br />dx = new Array();<br />xp = new Array();<br />yp = new Array();<br />amx = new Array();<br />amy = new Array();<br />stx = new Array();<br />sty = new Array();<br />flag = new Array();<br />for (i = 0; i &lt; no; ++ i) {<br />dx[i] = 0;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // set coordinate variables<br />xp[i] = Math.random()*(doc_width-30)+10;&nbsp; // set position variables<br />yp[i] = Math.random()*doc_height;<br />amy[i] = 12+ Math.random()*20;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // set amplitude variables<br />amx[i] = 10+ Math.random()*40;<br />stx[i] = 0.02 + Math.random()/10; // set step variables<br />sty[i] = 0.7 + Math.random();&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // set step variables<br />flag[i] = (Math.random()&gt;0.5)?1:0;<br />if (ns4up) {&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // set layers<br />if (i == 0) {<br />document.write(&#8220;&lt;layer name=\&#8221;dot&#8221;+ i +&#8221;\&#8221; left=\&#8221;15\&#8221; &#8220;);<br />document.write(&#8220;top=\&#8221;15\&#8221; visibility=\&#8221;show\&#8221;&gt;&lt;img src=\&#8221;");<br />document.write(heart+ &#8220;\&#8221; border=\&#8221;0\&#8221;&gt;&lt;/layer&gt;&#8221;);<br />} else {<br />document.write(&#8220;&lt;layer name=\&#8221;dot&#8221;+ i +&#8221;\&#8221; left=\&#8221;15\&#8221; &#8220;);<br />document.write(&#8220;top=\&#8221;15\&#8221; visibility=\&#8221;show\&#8221;&gt;&lt;img src=\&#8221;");<br />document.write(heart+ &#8220;\&#8221; border=\&#8221;0\&#8221;&gt;&lt;/layer&gt;&#8221;);<br />}<br />} else<br />if (ie4up) {<br />if (i == 0) {<br />document.write(&#8220;&lt;div id=\&#8221;dot&#8221;+ i +&#8221;\&#8221; style=\&#8221;POSITION: &#8220;);<br />document.write(&#8220;absolute; Z-INDEX: &#8220;+ i +&#8221;; VISIBILITY: &#8220;);<br />document.write(&#8220;visible; TOP: 15px; LEFT: 15px;\&#8221;&gt;&lt;img src=\&#8221;");<br />document.write(heart+ &#8220;\&#8221; border=\&#8221;0\&#8221;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#8221;);<br />} else {<br />document.write(&#8220;&lt;div id=\&#8221;dot&#8221;+ i +&#8221;\&#8221; style=\&#8221;POSITION: &#8220;);<br />document.write(&#8220;absolute; Z-INDEX: &#8220;+ i +&#8221;; VISIBILITY: &#8220;);<br />document.write(&#8220;visible; TOP: 15px; LEFT: 15px;\&#8221;&gt;&lt;img src=\&#8221;");<br />document.write(heart+ &#8220;\&#8221; border=\&#8221;0\&#8221;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#8221;);<br />}<br />}<br />}</p>
<p>function snowNS() {&nbsp; // Netscape main animation function<br />for (i = 0; i &lt; no; ++ i) {&nbsp; // iterate for every dot<br />if (yp[i] &gt; doc_height-50) {<br />xp[i] = 10+ Math.random()*(doc_width-amx[i]-30);<br />yp[i] = 0;<br />flag[i]=(Math.random()&lt;0.5)?1:0;<br />stx[i] = 0.02 + Math.random()/10;<br />sty[i] = 0.7 + Math.random();<br />doc_width = self.innerWidth;<br />doc_height = self.innerHeight;<br />}<br />if (flag[i])<br />dx[i] += stx[i];<br />else<br />dx[i] -= stx[i];<br />if (Math.abs(dx[i]) &gt; Math.PI) {<br />yp[i]+=Math.abs(amy[i]*dx[i]);<br />xp[i]+=amx[i]*dx[i];<br />dx[i]=0;<br />flag[i]=!flag[i];<br />}<br />document.layers["dot"+i].top = yp[i] + amy[i]*(Math.abs(Math.sin(dx[i])+dx[i]));<br />document.layers["dot"+i].left = xp[i] + amx[i]*dx[i];</p>
<p>}<br />setTimeout(&#8220;snowNS()&#8221;, speed);<br />}</p>
<p>function snowIE() {&nbsp; // IE main animation function<br />for (i = 0; i &lt; no; ++ i) {&nbsp; // iterate for every dot<br />if (yp[i] &gt; doc_height-50) {<br />xp[i] = 10+ Math.random()*(doc_width-amx[i]-30);<br />yp[i] = 0;<br />stx[i] = 0.02 + Math.random()/10;<br />sty[i] = 0.7 + Math.random();<br />flag[i]=(Math.random()&lt;0.5)?1:0;<br />doc_width = document.body.clientWidth;<br />doc_height = document.body.clientHeight;<br />}<br />if (flag[i])<br />dx[i] += stx[i];<br />else<br />dx[i] -= stx[i];<br />if (Math.abs(dx[i]) &gt; Math.PI) {<br />yp[i]+=Math.abs(amy[i]*dx[i]);<br />xp[i]+=amx[i]*dx[i];<br />dx[i]=0;<br />flag[i]=!flag[i];<br />}</p>
<p>document.all["dot"+i].style.pixelTop = yp[i] + amy[i]*(Math.abs(Math.sin(dx[i])+dx[i]));<br />document.all["dot"+i].style.pixelLeft = xp[i] + amx[i]*dx[i];<br />}<br />setTimeout(&#8220;snowIE()&#8221;, speed);<br />}</p>
<p>if (ns4up) {<br />snowNS();<br />} else if (ie4up) {<br />snowIE();<br />}<br />// End &#8211;&gt;<br />&lt;/script&gt;<br />&lt;/center&gt;<br />&lt;/body&gt;<br />&lt;/html&gt;</p>
<p><span style="font-size:9px;">Sumber dari situs <a href="http://www.ilmuwebsite.com">Ilmu Website</a> dalam kategori <a href="http://www.ilmuwebsite.com/javascript/">javascript</a> dengan judul <a href="http://www.ilmuwebsite.com/detil_javascript/11/Hujan_Cinta/">Hujan Cinta</a></span></p>
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			<media:title type="html">Fram</media:title>
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		<title>Cracking Hacking n Keylogger</title>
		<link>http://fr4mz.wordpress.com/2008/06/11/cracking-hacking-n-keylogger/</link>
		<comments>http://fr4mz.wordpress.com/2008/06/11/cracking-hacking-n-keylogger/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Jun 2008 02:26:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>fr4mz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Definition]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fr4mz.wordpress.com/2008/06/11/cracking-hacking-n-keylogger/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Cracking, adalah suatu teknik untuk membongkar sistem keamanan suatu program/software komputer dengan cara melakukan reverse engineering secara ilegal dengan tujuan untuk dapat menggunakan program tersebut secara ilegal (biasanya berhubungan dengan pembajakan dan HAKI).
Hacking, adalah adalah serangkaian kegiatan untuk mendapatkan hak akses ilegal kedalam sebuah sistem (komputer) tertentu atau untuk mengganggu atau merusak jalannya sebuah sistem [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=fr4mz.wordpress.com&blog=1186443&post=16&subd=fr4mz&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><ol>
<li><span style="color:rgb(255, 102, 102);">Cracking</span>, adalah suatu teknik untuk membongkar sistem keamanan suatu program/software komputer dengan cara melakukan reverse engineering secara ilegal dengan tujuan untuk dapat menggunakan program tersebut secara ilegal (biasanya berhubungan dengan pembajakan dan HAKI).</li>
<li><span style="color:rgb(255, 102, 102);">Hacking</span>, adalah adalah serangkaian kegiatan untuk mendapatkan hak akses ilegal kedalam sebuah sistem (komputer) tertentu atau untuk mengganggu atau merusak jalannya sebuah sistem (komputer) melalui internet dengan menggunakan teknik-teknik tertentu.</li>
<li><span style="color:rgb(255, 102, 102);">Keylogger</span>, adalah sebuah program yang berukuran sangat kecil dan hidden (tersembunyi) sehingga kehadirannya jarang diketahui oleh para pengguna komputer awam. Program ini dapat mencatat seluruh aktifitas pengguna komputer baik berupa program yang dibuka, seluruh ketukan pada keyboard atau klik pada mouse, bahkan mencatat situs-situs yang didatangi ketika pengguna komputer online, kemudian menyimpannya pada sebuah file tertentu.</li>
</ol>
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			<media:title type="html">Fram</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Pengertian Virus, Logic Bomb, Trojan Horse, dan Worm</title>
		<link>http://fr4mz.wordpress.com/2008/06/11/pengertian-virus-logic-bomb-trojan-horse-dan-worm/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Jun 2008 02:04:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>fr4mz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Definition]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[

Virus adalah sebuah program komputer yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mengcopy kode programnya pada program lain apabila program tersebut diaktifkan, serta memiliki kemampuan untuk mengambil alih kontrol terhadap komputer yang ditularinya atau melakukan perubahan atas program yang ada didalamnya.
Logic Bomb, adalah program komputer yang berada dalam sebuah komputer yang akan aktif apabila beberapa kondisi terpenuhi (biasanya [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=fr4mz.wordpress.com&blog=1186443&post=15&subd=fr4mz&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><div style="text-align:justify;">
<ol>
<li><span style="color:rgb(255, 102, 102);">Virus</span> adalah sebuah program komputer yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mengcopy kode programnya pada program lain apabila program tersebut diaktifkan, serta memiliki kemampuan untuk mengambil alih kontrol terhadap komputer yang ditularinya atau melakukan perubahan atas program yang ada didalamnya.</li>
<li><span style="color:rgb(255, 102, 102);">Logic Bomb</span>, adalah program komputer yang berada dalam sebuah komputer yang akan aktif apabila beberapa kondisi terpenuhi (biasanya berkaitan dengan waktu; jam, tanggal, dsb).</li>
<li><span style="color:rgb(255, 102, 102);">Trojan Horse</span>, adalah sebuah program komputer yang dibalik fungsinya/kegunaan yang terlihat juga memiliki fungsi tambahan tersembunyi (sengaja disembunyikan oleh pembuatnya) yang akan mengeksploitasi komputer yang menggunakannya serta secara signifikan akan menurunkan tingkat keamanan komputer.</li>
<li><span style="color:rgb(255, 102, 102);">Worm</span> adalah sebuah program kecil yang memiliki rutin program untuk memperbanyak diri sendiri dan menularkan dirinya pada komputer-komputer dalam jaringan, serta memiliki kemampuan untuk melakukan hal-hal yang diinginkan oleh pembuat program, biasanya berupa pencurian informasi dari komputer yang ditularinya kemudian mengirimkannya pada alamat tertentu yang diinginkankan oleh pembuatnya melalui internet.</li>
</ol>
</div>
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		<title>Google Hacking</title>
		<link>http://fr4mz.wordpress.com/2008/06/06/google-hacking/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Jun 2008 03:55:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>fr4mz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Tips n Trik]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[
  
GOOGLE
” Intitle:”
 ialah sintaks perintah untuk membatasi pencarian yang hanya menghasilkan judul yang mengandung informasi pada topik yang dimaksud. Sebagai contoh pada pencarian, “intitle:password admin “ ( tanpa tanda kutip ). Pencarian akan mencari page yang mengandung kata “ password “ sebagai judulnya dengan prioritas utama “admin” .Jika pada pencarian terdapat dua query [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=fr4mz.wordpress.com&blog=1186443&post=14&subd=fr4mz&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><div class="Section1">
<div style="text-align:center;">  <img src="/DOCUME%7E1/MICROS%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot.jpg" alt="" /></div>
<p style="background:white none repeat scroll 0 50%;text-align:center;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">GOOGLE</span></strong></p>
<p style="background:rgb(217, 217, 217) none repeat scroll 0 50%;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">” Intitle:”</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;"><span> </span>ialah sintaks perintah untuk membatasi pencarian yang hanya menghasilkan judul yang mengandung informasi pada topik yang dimaksud. Sebagai contoh pada pencarian, “intitle:<br />password admin “ ( tanpa tanda kutip ). Pencarian akan mencari page yang mengandung kata “ password “ sebagai judulnya dengan prioritas utama “admin” .<br />Jika pada pencarian terdapat dua query pencarian utama, digunakan sintaks <i>allintitle</i>: untuk pencarian secara lengkap. Sebagai contoh pada pencarian “allintitle:admin mdb”. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">Maka pencarian akan dibatasi pada dua subjek utama judul yaitu “admin” dan “mdb”.</span></p>
<p style="background:rgb(224, 224, 224) none repeat scroll 0 50%;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">“ inurl:”</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span> </span>ialah sintaks perintah untuk membatasi pencarian yang hanya menghasilkan semua URL yang hanya berisi kata kunci informasi yang dimaksudkan. Sebagai contoh pencarian dalam pencarian,”inurl : database mdb”. Pencarian akan menghasilkan semua URL yang hanya mengandung informasi tentang “database mdb “.<br />Hal yang sama juga berlaku pada sintaks ini, jika terdapat dua query pencarian utama, digunakan sintaks “allinurl:” untuk mendapatkan list url tersebut.<br />Sebagai contoh pencarian “allinurl: etc/passwd“ , pencarian akan menghasilkan URL yang mengandung informasi tentang “etc” dan “passwd”. Tanda garis miring slash (“/”) diantara dua kata etc dan passwd akan diabaikan oleh mesin pencari Google.</span></p>
<p style="background:rgb(224, 224, 224) none repeat scroll 0 50%;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">“site:”</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span> </span>ialah sintaks perintah untuk membatasi pencarian suatu query informasi berdasarkan pada suatu situs atau domain tertentu. Sebagai contoh pada pencarian informasi: “waveguide site:itb.ac.id” (tanpa tanda kutip). Pencarian akan mencari topic tentang waveguide pada semua halaman yang tersedia pada domain itb.ac.id.</span></p>
<p style="background:rgb(224, 224, 224) none repeat scroll 0 50%;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">“cache:”</span></strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">akan menunjukkan daftar web yang telah masuk kedalam indeks database Google. Sebagai contoh:<br />“cache:deffcon.org”, pencarian akan memperlihatkan list yang disimpan pada Google untuk page deffcon.org</span></p>
<p style="background:rgb(224, 224, 224) none repeat scroll 0 50%;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">“filetype:”</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;"><span> </span>ialah sintaks perintah pada Google untuk pencarian data pada internet dengan ekstensi tertentu (i.e. doc, pdf or ppt etc). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">Sebagai contoh pada pencarian : “<i>filetype:doc site:go.id confidental</i>” ( tanpa tanda kutip). Pencarian akan menghasilkan file data dengan ekstensi “.doc” pada semua domain go.id yang berisi informasi “confidential”.</span></p>
<p style="background:rgb(224, 224, 224) none repeat scroll 0 50%;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">“link:”</span></strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">ialah sintaks perintah pada Google yang akan menunjukkan daftar list webpages yang memiliki link pada webpage special. Sebagai contoh:“link:www.securityfocus.com” akan menunjukan daftar webpage yang memiliki point link pada page SecurityFocus.</span></p>
<p style="background:rgb(224, 224, 224) none repeat scroll 0 50%;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">“related:”</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;"><span> </span>sintaks ini akan memberikan daftar web pages yang serupa dengan web page yang di indikasikan.<br />Sebagai contoh: “<i>related:www.securityfocus.com</i>”, pencarian akan memberi daftar web page yang serupa dengan homepage Securityfocus.</span></p>
<p style="background:rgb(224, 224, 224) none repeat scroll 0 50%;"><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">“intext:”</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span> </span>sintaks perintah ini akan mencari kata kata pada website tertentu. Perintah ini mengabaikan link atau URL dan judul halaman. Sebagai contoh :<br />“intext:admin” (tanpa tanda petik), pencarian akan menghasilkan link pada web page yang memiliki keyword yang memiliki keyword admin.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">Sintaks <strong><span style="font-family:Century;">“Index of ”</span></strong> dapat digunakan untuk mendapatkan situs yang menampilkan indeks browsing direktori. Webserver dengan indeks browsing yang dapat diakses, berarti siapa saja dapat melakukan akses pada direktori webserver, seperti layaknya dapat dilakukan pada lokal direktori pada umumnya.<br /></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">Pada kesempatan ini dipaparkan bagaimana penggunaan sintaks “index of” untuk mendapatkan hubungan pada webserver dengan direktori indeks browsing yang dapat diakses.. Hal tersebut merupakan sumber informasi yang sederhana dapat diperoleh, akan tetapi isi dari informasi seringkali merupakan informasi yang sangat penting. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">Informasi tersebut dapat saja berupa password akses atau data transaksi online dan hal yang sangat penting lainnya.<br />Dibawah ini merupakan beberapa contoh penggunaan sintaks “ indeks of” untuk mendapatkan informasi yang penting dan sensitive sifatnya.</span></p>
<p><b><i><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">Contoh :</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;"><br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--></span></b></p>
</p></div>
<p>  <b><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;"><br /> </span></b>
<div class="Section2">
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">Index of /admin<br />Index of /passwd<br />Index of /password<br />Index of /mail<br />“Index of /” +passwd<br />“Index of /” +password.txt<br />“Index of /” +.htaccess<br />“Index of /secret”<br />“Index of /confidential”<br />“Index of /root”<br />“Index of /cgi-bin”<br />“Index of /credit-card”<br />“Index of /logs”<br />“Index of /config”<br />“Index of/admin.asp<br />“Index of/login.asp</span></p>
</p></div>
<p>  <span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;"><br /> </span>
<div class="Section3">
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">Mencari sistem atau server yang vulnerable menggunakan sintaks<strong><span style="font-family:Century;"> “inurl:”</span></strong> atau <strong><span style="font-family:Century;">“allinurl:”</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">1. Menggunakan sintaks <b><i>“allinurl:winnt/system32/”</i></b> (dengan tanda petik ) akan menampilkan daftar semua link pada server yang memberikan akses pada direktori yang terlarang seperti “system32”. Terkadang akan didapat akses pada cmd.exe pada direktori “system32” yang memungkinkan seseorang untuk mengambil alih kendali sistem pada server tersebut.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">2. Menggunakan <b><i>“allinurl:wwwboard/passwd.txt”</i></b> ( dengan tanda petik ) akan menampilkan daftar semua link pada server yang memiliki kelemahan pada “wwwboard Password”. Pembahasan lebih lanjut tentang vulnerability “wwwboard Password” dapat dilihat pada site keamanan jaringan seperti http://www.securityfocus.com atau http://www.securitytracker.com</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">3. Menggunakan sintaks <b><i>“inurl: bash history”</i></b> (dengan tanda petik ) akan menampilkan daftar link pada server yang memberikan akses pada file “bash history” melalui web. File tersebut merupakan command history file yang mengandung daftar perintah yang dieksekusi oleh administrator, yang terkadang menyangkut informasi sensitive seperti password sistem. Seringkali password pada sistem telah dienkripsi, untuk mendapatkan password aslinya bentuk yang dienkripsi ini harus didekripsi menggunakan program password cracker. Lama waktu untuk mendapatkan hasil dekripsi tergantung dari keandalan program dan banyaknya karakter yang terenkripsi.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">4. Menggunakan “inurl:config.txt” (dengan tanda petik) akan menampilkan daftar semua link pada server yang memberikan akses pada file “config.txt. File ini berisi informasi penting termasuk hash value dari password administrator dan proses autentifikasi dari suatu database.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">Sintaks “inurl:” atau “allinurl:” dapat dikombinasikan dengan sintaks yang lainnya seperti pada daftar dibawah ini :</span></p>
</p></div>
<p>  <span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;"><br /> </span>
<div class="Section4">
<p style="background:rgb(230, 230, 230) none repeat scroll 0 50%;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">Inurl: /cgi-bin/cart32.exe<br />inurl:admin filetype:txt<br />inurl:admin filetype:db<br />inurl:admin filetype:cfg<br />inurl:mysql filetype:cfg<br />inurl:passwd filetype:txt<br />inurl:iisadmin<br />inurl:auth_user_file.txt<br />inurl:orders.txt<br />inurl:”wwwroot/*.”<br />inurl:adpassword.txt<br />inurl:webeditor.php<br />inurl:file_upload.php<br />inurl:gov filetype:xls “restricted”<br />index of ftp +.mdb allinurl:/cgi-bin/ +mailto allinurl:/scripts/cart32.exe allinurl:/CuteNews/show_archives.php<br />allinurl:/phpinfo.php<br />allinurl:/privmsg.php<br />allinurl:/privmsg.php<br />inurl:cgi-bin/go.cgi?go=*<br />allinurl:.cgi?page=*.txt<br />allinurul:/modules/My_eGallery</span></p>
</p></div>
<p>  <span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;"><br /> </span>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">Mencari suatu sistem atau server yang memiliki kelemahan dengan sintaks <strong><span style="font-family:Century;">“intitle:”</span></strong>atau <strong><span style="font-family:Century;">“allintitle:”</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">1. Menggunakan allintitle: “index of /root” ( tanpa tanda kutip ) akan menampilkan<br />Daftar link pada webserver yang memberikan akses pada direktori yang terlarang seperti direktori root.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">2. Menggunakan allintitle: “index of /admin” ( tanpa tanda kutip ) akan menampilkan link pada site yang memiliki indeks browsing yang dapat diakses untuk direktori terlarang seperti direktori “admin”.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">Penggunaan lain dari sintaks “intitle:” atau “allintitle:” yang dikombinasikan dengan sintaks lainnya antara lain :</span></p>
<div style="border:1pt solid windowtext;background:rgb(230, 230, 230) none repeat scroll 0 50%;padding:1pt 4pt;">
<p style="border:medium none;background:rgb(230, 230, 230) none repeat scroll 0 50%;padding:0;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;">intitle:”Index of” .sh_history<br />intitle:”Index of” .bash_history<br />intitle:”index of” passwd<br />intitle:”index of” people.lst<br />intitle:”index of” pwd.db<br />intitle:”index of” etc/shadow<br />intitle:”index of” spwd<br />intitle:”index of” master.passwd<br />intitle:”index of” htpasswd<br />intitle:”index of” members OR accounts<br />intitle:”index of” user_carts OR user_cart<br />allintitle: sensitive filetype:doc<br />allintitle: restricted filetype :mail<br />allintitle: restricted filetype:doc site:gov<br />allintitle:*.php?filename=*<br />allintitle:*.php?page=*<br />allintitle:*.php?logon=*</span></p>
</p></div>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">Penggunaan dan kombinasi pada sintaks tidak hanya terbatas pada contoh paparan diatas. Masih banyak lagi kombinasi dari sintaks sintaks dengan berbagai kata kunci yang dapat digunakan. Hal tersebut bergantung pada kreativitas dan kemauan untuk mencoba. Ada baiknya penggunaan wacana yang telah dipaparkan ini digunakan untuk kepentingan yang tidak menimbulkan kerugian atau kerusakan.<br />Kelemahan pada suatu sistem atau server yang diketahui ada baiknya dilakukan sharing dengan administrator sistem yang bersangkutan sehingga dapat bermanfaat bagi semua pihak. Dikarenakan kemungkinan besar hasil dari pencarian informasi dapat memberikan informasi yang sensitive, yang seringkali menyangkut segi keamanan suatu sistem atau server.<br />Wacana tentang sintaks yang sangat membantu dalam pencarian informasi tersebut akhirnya tergantung pada niat dan tujuan dalam pencarian data. Apakah sungguh sungguh dilakukan untuk kebutuhan pencarian data, mengumpulkan informasi dari suatu mesin target penetrasi. Tujuan akhirnya bergantung pada niat individu yang bersangkutan sehingga penulis tidak bertanggung jawab terhadap penyalahgunaan dari informasi yang telah dipaparkan. Seperti kata pepatah lama “ resiko ditanggung penumpang “.</span></p>
<p>  <span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;"><br /> </span>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Banyak sekali website yang berguguran dengan memanfaatkan pencarian pada Google untuk menemukan targetnya. Seperti Worm Santy yang melakukan defacing secara massal dengan memanfaatkan Google. Dalam hitungan hari ribuan website tampilan utamanya berubah.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Tulisan ini dibuat untuk memahami bagaimana melakukan pencarian yang baik dengan menggunakan Google. Pada bagian akhir juga terdapat trik-trik dan keyword yang sering digunakan untuk melakukan pencarian file dan juga bagaimana mencari target dengan memanfaatkan Google.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre style="background:rgb(230, 230, 230) none repeat scroll 0 50%;"><b><span style="font-family:Century;">--- 01 // Penggunaan Dasar -----------------------------------------------</span></b></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- Google tidak "case sensitive". </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Keyword: linux = LINUX = LiNuX</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Akan menghasilkan hal yang sama</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- AND: Secara Default Google menggunakan keyword and. <i>Keyword: menjadi hacker</i></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Hasilnya pencarian akan mengandung kata "menjadi" dan "hacker"</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- OR: Digunakan untuk menemukan halaman yang setidaknya berisi salah<span>  </span>satu dari keyword. </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Note: OR dituliskan dengan huruf besar semua.</span></pre>
<pre><i><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Keyword: hacker OR cracker</span></i></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Hasilnya pencarian akan mengandung kata "hacker" atau "cracker"</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- +: Google akan mengabaikan pencarian dengan kata-kata umum seperti<span>  </span>"how" dan "where". </span><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">Jika kata- </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>      </span>kata umum ini begitu penting, anda</span><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>   </span>bisa menambahkan "+" didepan keyword tersebut.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Keyword: hacker how<span>                    </span>==&gt; Kata "how" akan diabaikan</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Keyword: hacker +how<span>                  </span>==&gt; Kata "how" akan diikutsertakan</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">- -: Tanda minus "-" bisa digunakan untuk mengecualikan kata-kata </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>     </span>tertentu dalam pencarian. Misal kita ingin mencari kata </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>     </span>"linus tanpa linux", kita bisa menggunakan "linus -linux"</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- *: Google tidak mendukung pencarian * sebagai pengganti huruf.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>     </span></span><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">Misalkan kita ingin mencari dengan kata depan menja*</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>     </span>Google tidak mencari kata "menjamu", "menjadi", "menjalar", dll</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>     </span></span><span style="font-family:Century;">Google akan menghasilkan pencarian hanya yang mengandung kata </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>     </span>"menja".</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Tetapi google mendukung penggunaan * dalam pencarian kalimat.<span>  </span>Keyword: "menjadi * hacker"</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Hasilnya pencarian dapat menghasilkan "menjadi seorang hacker",<span>   </span>"menjadi white hacker", dll.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- "": Dapat digunakan untuk mencari kata yg lengkap.<span>  </span>Keyword: "menjadi hacker"<span>  </span>Hasilnya pencarian akan mengandung kata "menjadi hacker"</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">- ?: Dapat digunakan untuk mencari pada direktori Google</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span></span><span style="font-family:Century;">Keyword: ?intitle:index.of? mp3</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre style="background:rgb(230, 230, 230) none repeat scroll 0 50%;"><b><span style="font-family:Century;">--- 02 // Operator Spesial -----------------------------------------------</span></b></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">-- Contoh hasil pencarian --</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Google<span>                                                                                                                                  </span>--&gt; Judul</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">... Language Tools. Ways to help with tsunami relief <span>        </span>\</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Advertising Programs - About Google ©2005 Google - <span>     </span><span> </span>&gt;<span>  </span>Deskripsi</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Searching 8,058,044,651 web pages.<span>                                                           </span>/</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">www.google.com/ - 3k - 5 Jan 2005<span>                                                             </span>--&gt; URL</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">-- Contoh hasil pencarian --</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- intitle: Untuk mencari kata-kata dari judul suatu halaman web.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Keyword: intitle:Admin Administrasi</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Keyword tersebut akan mencari judul halaman "Admin" dengan </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>deskripsi "Administrasi"</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- allintitle: Untuk mencari kata-kata dari judul halaman web </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>              </span>secara lengkap.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Keyword: allintitle:Admin Administrasi</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Keyword tersebut akan mencari judul halaman yang mengandung </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span></span><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">kata "Admin" dan "Administrasi"</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">- inurl: Digunakan untuk mencari semua URL yang berisi kata-kata </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>         </span>tertentu.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span></span><span style="font-family:Century;">Keyword: inurl:Admin Administrasi</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Keyword tersebut akan mencari URL yang mengandung kata "Admin" </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>dengan deskripsi "Administrasi"</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- allinurl: Digunakan untuk mencari semua URL yang berisi kata-kata </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span> </span><span>           </span>tertentu.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Keyword: allinurl:Admin Administrasi</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Keyword tersebut akan mencari URL yang mengandung kata "Admin" </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span></span><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">dan "Administrasi"</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">- site: Untuk mencari dalam suatu situs tertentu saja</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span></span><span style="font-family:Century;">Keyword: site:echo.or.id</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Semua pencarian hanya berdasarkan site "echo.or.id"</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- cache: Ketika Googlebot mengindeks suatu situs, google akan </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>         </span>mengambil snapshot dari semua halaman yang telah terindeks. </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>         </span>Operator ini membantu melihat halaman-halaman yang telah </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>         </span>dicache.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Keyword: cache:echo.or.id</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Misalkan site aslinya sudah tidak aktif, anda tetap dapat melihatnya</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>pada snapshot/cache yang disimpan oleh Google.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">- define: Operator ini digunakan untuk mencari definisi dari frasa </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>          </span>tertentu. Semua kata yang diketik setelah operator ini akan </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>          </span>diperlakukan sebagai satu frasa.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>Keyword: define:hacker</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">- filetype: Jika kita mencari jenis file tertentu yang berisi informasi </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>            </span>yang anda inginkan kita bisa menggunakan operator ini.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span></span><span style="font-family:Century;">Keyword: "hacker" filetype:pdf</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Sampai tulisan ini dibuat google support tipe file</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span># Adobe Portable Document Format (pdf)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span># Adobe PostScript (ps)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span># Lotus 1-2-3 (wk1, wk2, wk3, wk4, wk5, wki, wks, wku)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span># Lotus WordPro (lwp)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span># MacWrite (mw)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span># Microsoft Excel (xls)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span># Microsoft PowerPoint (ppt)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span># Microsoft Word (doc)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span># Microsoft Works (wks, wps, wdb)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span># Microsoft Write (wri)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span># Rich Text Format (rtf)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span># Shockwave Flash (swf)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span># Text (ans, txt)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Ref: http://www.google.com/help/faq_filetypes.html</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">- link: Untuk mencari tahu berapa banyak link ke suatu situs, kita bisa </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>        </span></span><span style="font-family:Century;">menggunakan operator link.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Keyword: link:www.google.com</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- related: Untuk mencari halaman yang isinya mirip dengan URL tertentu.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Keyword: related:www.google.com</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">--- 03 // Manipulasi URL Google ------------------------------------------</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">&gt; And bisa mengganti interface google dengan mengganti variabel hl </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>(default google hl=en =&gt; bahasa inggris)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span></span><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">Misalkan kita mengubah interface-nya menjadi bahasa Indonesia.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>Ex:</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;q=site%3Aecho.or.id&amp;btnG=Search</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>Hasil modifikasi URL</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>http://www.google.com/search?hl=id&amp;lr=&amp;q=site%3Aecho.or.id&amp;btnG=Search</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">&gt; Anda dapat mengganti hasil pencarian hanya pada bahasa tertentu. </span><span style="font-family:Century;">Hal ini</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>dilakukan dengan modifikasi variabel lr.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>(default google lr=lang_en =&gt; bahasa inggris)</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span></span><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">Misalkan kita hasil pencarian hanya bahasa Indonesia.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>Ex: </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;q=site%3Aecho.or.id&amp;btnG=Search</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>Hasil modifikasi URL</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&amp;lr=lang_id&amp;q=site%3Aecho.or.id&amp;btnG=Search</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">&gt; Secara default google akan menampilkan 10 site perhalaman. Anda dapat </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>mengubahnya secara langsung melalui URL-nya, dengan menambahkan variabel</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>num pada URL <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' /> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>Penggunaan num antara 1-100</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>Ex:</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;q=site%3Aecho.or.id&amp;btnG=Search</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span></span><span style="font-family:Century;">Hasil modifikasi URL</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>http://www.google.com/search?num=100&amp;hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;q=site%3Aecho.or.id&amp;btnG=Search</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">&gt; as_qdr=mx: merupakan variabel lainnya yang dapat digunakan. Variabel ini</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>digunakan menentukan hasil berdasarkan bulan. x antara 1-12</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span></span><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">Ex:</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;q=site%3Aecho.or.id&amp;btnG=Search</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>Hasil modifikasi URL</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;as_qdr=m1&amp;q=site%3Aecho.or.id&amp;btnG=Search</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">&gt; safe=off: arti dari variabel ini filter "SafeSearch" dimatikan. "SafeSearch"</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>untuk memfilter hasil pencarian sexual.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Dengan pengetahuan di atas anda dapat membuat sendiri form Google di komputer</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">sendiri. Sehingga tidak perlu lagi mengunjungi http://www.google.com terlebih </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">dahulu (kecuali anda menggunakan brwoser yang support google secara built-in </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">atau menggunakan Google Toolbar). Dengan melakukan ini kita bisa menghemat </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">bandwidth ke luar negeri <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' /> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">Karena bandwidth di Indonesia mahal ........</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Contoh script google.html lengkap dengan varabielnya.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">--- BOF google.html ---</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">Variabel num: </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Variabel hl: </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Variabel lr: </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Variabel as_qdr: </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Variabel safe: </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">--- EOF google.html ---</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Anda tinggal menghilangkan Variabel yang tidak anda inginkan atau </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">menambahkan apapun disana. Semuanya terserah kepada anda <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' /> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Berikut merupakan script default pencarian google.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">--- BOF google.html ---</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">--- EOF google.html ---</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Google masih terus dikembangkan. Untuk melihat apa yang sedang </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">dikembangkan Google. </span><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">Anda bisa ke http://labs.google.com</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">--- 04 // Tips &amp; Tricks --------------------------------------------------</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">Dari dasar-dasar dan spesial operator tersebut anda bisa mencampurkan </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">operator-operator tersebut. </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Ex: </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- Keyword: site:echo.or.id, menghasilkan semua site echo.or.id. Kemudian </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>anda bisa mencoba keyword: site:echo.or.id hacker, akan menghasilkan </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>semua site echo.or.id yang mengandung kata hacker.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Kita juga dapat melakukan pencarian secara spesifik melalui google.</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Untuk melakukannya anda dapat ke site berikut:</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- http://www.google.com/bsd</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- http://www.google.com/mac</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- http://www.google.com/linux</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- http://www.google.com/microsoft</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">- http://www.google.com/univ/education</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;">Berbagai trik keyword pada Google:</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>parent directory books -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>parent directory /appz/ -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>parent directory DVDRip -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>parent directory video -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>parent directory Gamez -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>parent directory MP3 -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>intitle:index of intitle:mp3 -html -htm name size</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>intitle:index of intitle:video -html -htm name size</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>intitle:index of intitle:cgi-bin passwd -html -htm name size</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>intitle:index of intitle:cgi-bin password -html -htm name size</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>inurl:"admin.mdb" -html</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>inurl:"password.mdb" -html</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>inurl:"data.mdb" -html</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>"phpMyAdmin" "running on" inurl:"main.php"</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>intitle:"PHP Shell" "Enable stderr" php</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>Masih banyak lagi keyword yang bisa ditemukan disini [5] <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' /> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">--- 05 // Referensi ------------------------------------------------------</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>[1] http://www.google.com/help/basics.html</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>[2] http://www.google.com/help/features.html</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>[3] http://www.google.com/help/refinesearch.html</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>[4] http://www.google.com/help/interpret.html</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span></span><span style="font-family:Century;">[5] http://johnny.ihackstuff.com/</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"><span>  </span>[6] O'Reilly - Google Hacks</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR">--- 06 // Greetz ---------------------------------------------------------</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>Komunitas newbie_hacker</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"><span>  </span>Komunitas jasakom-perjuangan<span>  </span></span></pre>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Century;" lang="PT-BR"> </span></p>
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		<title>Fun 4 read ‘n read 4 fun</title>
		<link>http://fr4mz.wordpress.com/2007/11/12/fun-4-read-%e2%80%98n-read-4-fun/</link>
		<comments>http://fr4mz.wordpress.com/2007/11/12/fun-4-read-%e2%80%98n-read-4-fun/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Nov 2007 16:36:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>fr4mz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Untuk yang tidak ingin tertinggal di era globalisasi harus bisa dan paham
bahasa inggris, ini salah satu library yang terbaru:
LESSON 1 :
SELFISH &#8211; jual ikan
ALRIGHT &#8211; semua ke kanan
MISUNDERTANDING &#8211; Nona Pengertian
LONG TIME NO SEE &#8211; Udah lama butanya
MARK TO MARKET &#8211; Mark pergi ke pasar
Cewek bokek yang pengen ngobrol di henpon &#8211; MISS CALL
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-
Siapa nama [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=fr4mz.wordpress.com&blog=1186443&post=8&subd=fr4mz&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p><span style="font-family:Courier New;">Untuk yang tidak ingin tertinggal di era globalisasi harus bisa dan paham<br />
bahasa inggris, ini salah satu library yang terbaru:</span></p>
<p>LESSON 1 :</p>
<p>SELFISH &#8211; jual ikan<br />
ALRIGHT &#8211; semua ke kanan<br />
MISUNDERTANDING &#8211; Nona Pengertian<br />
LONG TIME NO SEE &#8211; Udah lama butanya<br />
MARK TO MARKET &#8211; Mark pergi ke pasar<span id="more-8"></span><br />
Cewek bokek yang pengen ngobrol di henpon &#8211; MISS CALL<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-</p>
<p>Siapa nama kecil Jenderal Sudirman???<br />
Sudirboy!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br />
Buah apa yang bisa nyanyi?<br />
Lengkeng Park, donk!!!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
Apa persamaan dan perbedaan seorang Penyiar dan Dokter Gigi?<br />
Persamaannya adalah keduanya menggunakan mulut untuk mencari nafkah.<br />
Perbedaannya, Penyiar menggunakan mulutnya sendiri, Dokter Gigi menggunakan<br />
mulut orang lain!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
Monyet manjat batang kelapa, tinggal apanya?<br />
Tinggal turun!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br />
Monyet apa yang bisa nanya harga?<br />
Monyetak foto berapa mas!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br />
Apakah kepanjangan dari HIJ?<br />
HIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br />
Sakit apa yang bisa silat?<br />
Kung Flu!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
Kuda apa yang paling capek?<br />
Kuda..ki gunung sambil jongkok!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br />
Sandal apa yang enak dimakan?<br />
SANDAL GORENG!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br />
Gajah apa yang ada di tong sampah?<br />
Gaja! hlah kebersihan!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
Ada kucing dikejar anjing.<br />
saat diperempatan kucingnya berhenti. kenapa?<br />
Lihat kanan-kiri mo nyebrang!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
Sate apa yang dari Jepang?<br />
Sateria Baja Hitam!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br />
Binatang apa yang paling malas Hayooo?<br />
Lembu. Soalnya kalau disuruh dia bilang MOOOH!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br />
Sayur apa yang pangkatnya paling tinggi<br />
Sayur mayor!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
Buah apa yang ada di tiang listrik???<br />
BUAHaya, Tegangan Tinggi!!!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br />
Pocong apa yang disenengin ibu²?<br />
Pocongan harga!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br />
Bis apa yang ada di atas pohon?<br />
Bisa Monyet, bisa Tarzan. Elo juga bisa!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br />
Bis apa yang menyesatkan?<br />
Bisikan syetan!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
Ikan apa yang lahir langsung disiksa ibunya?<br />
Lohan, soalnya kepalanya benjol!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br />
Bahasa Indianya rambut lagi kusut?<br />
Aachak achakee rham buthe!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br />
Waktu hidup di nyanyiin waktu mati di tepukin?<br />
Lilin ulang tahun!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
Sabun apa yang bau?<br />
Sabuntar-sabuntar lu kentut, sih!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br />
Hewan apa yang bisa kaya?<br />
HE WAN to be millionare!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
Jus apa yang item?<br />
JUStru itu yang gw mau nanya!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
Kenapa ular enggak ada kakinya?<br />
Karena kalau ular ada kakinya, sudah mbelit, matuk nendang lagi!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br />
Hewan apa yang kerjannya minum terus n gak pernah makan?<br />
Nyamuk!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br />
Gajah apa yang belalainya pendek?<br />
Gajah pesek!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br />
Tiang apa yang panas?<br />
Tiang hari bolong!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;</p>
<p>Seorang pelaut, lagi asik ngobrol sama seorang bajak laut yang kakinya<br />
buntung diganti tongkat besi tajem, tangan kanannya buntung diganti kait besi (tajem juga), dan matanya picek sebelah, ditutupin pake kaen item. kebayang kan?</p>
<p>Pelaut : Kenapa kaki lu bisa buntung kayak gitu?<br />
BajakL : Ini waktu ada badai gede banget lagi gue di Pasifik, gue mental ke<br />
laut pas lagi nolongin anak buah gue. Anak buah gue selamet, cuma kaki gue<br />
dilahap ame hiu. Tapi gue nggak nyesel, yang penting anak buah gue selamet.</p>
<p>Pelaut : Hebat euy! Terus, tangan lu ilang di mana?<br />
BajakL : Waktu ngerebut kapal Portugis, gue dikeroyok sama tiga orang<br />
sekaligus, ditambah dua anjing herder. Tangan kanan gue putus, langsung<br />
di&#8217;mbat anjing sialan itu. Tapi tetep, gue yang menang.<br />
Leher mereka yang putus. Sejak itu gue pake kait ini sebagai ganti tangan<br />
kanan gue.</p>
<p>Pelaut : Gila buset!! Lalu, mata lo gimana ceritanya?<br />
BajakL : Oh, ini. (sambil kesel) Ini gara² burung camar sialan beol pas kena<br />
mata gue!</p>
<p>Pelaut : Burung? Cuma kena beol aja bisa picek?<br />
BajakL : Yach.. Kalo perlu dijelasin&#8230; Itu hari pertama gue pake kait ini!</p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p>
<p><span style="font-family:Courier New;">huahahaha&#8230;</span></p>
<p>Adalah sebuah cerita tentang seorang madura yang kaya raya pergi ke suatu tempat dan menginap di sebuah hotel yang mewah. Sebelum tidur malam ia memanggil pelayan hotel untuk pesan sarapan agar besok pagi dia tidak perlu repot.</p>
<p>Orang Madura (OM) : Pelayan saya mau pesan sarapan untuk besok pagi ya,<br />
tolong dicatat, saya minta diantar di kamar saya jam 6 pagi, jangan telat ya sebab saya ada rapat</p>
<p>Pelayan (P) : Mau pesan apa Tuan?<br />
OM : Saya mau pesan bret jembret<br />
P : Apa Tuan???<br />
OM : Bret jembret!!!!!!!!!<br />
P : Maaf Tuan apa itu bret jembret?????<br />
OM : Sampeyan ini gimana sih, jadi pelayan hotel terkenal kok bego.<br />
Anda bisa bahasa inggris nggak?? Bahasa inggrisnya roti apa??<br />
P : Bread Tuan<br />
OM : Nah sekarang bahasa inggrisnya selai apa???<br />
P : Jam Tuan<br />
OM : Lah itu kalau roti dikasih selai terus atasnya dikasih roti lagi<br />
apanggak bread jam bread tak iyah&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; doh sampeyan ini gimanasih!!!!!!!<br />
P : Ooooooooooh itu Tuan. Lalu minumnya apa Tuan??<br />
OM : Susu soda!!!!!!<br />
P : Pakai es Tuan???<br />
OM : Lho lha iya pakai es dong, kalo nggak pake es kan jadi u u oda tak iya,<br />
dok re mak sampeyan ini !!!!!!!!!!!!!<br />
P : ?????????!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><br />
</span></p>
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		<title>Gerund</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Nov 2007 16:28:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[In linguistics, &#8220;gerund&#8221; is a term used to refer to various non-finite verb forms in various languages:


As applied to English, it refers to what might be called a verb&#8217;s action noun, which is one of the uses of the -ing form. This is also the term&#8217;s use as applied to Latin; see
Latin conjugation.

As applied to [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=fr4mz.wordpress.com&blog=1186443&post=7&subd=fr4mz&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">In <a title="Linguistics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">linguistics</span></a>, <strong>&#8220;gerund&#8221;</strong> is a term used to refer to various <a title="Non-finite verb" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-finite_verb"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">non-finite verb forms</span></a> in various languages:<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">As applied to <a title="English language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">English</span></a>, it refers to what might be called a verb&#8217;s action noun, which is one of the uses of the <em>-ing</em> form. This is also the term&#8217;s use as applied to <a title="Latin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">Latin</span></a>; <em>see</em><br />
<a title="Latin conjugation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_conjugation"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">Latin conjugation</span></a>.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">As applied to <a title="Spanish language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">Spanish</span></a>, it refers to an <a title="Adverbial participle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbial_participle"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">adverbial participle</span></a> (a verbal adverb), called in Spanish the <em>gerundio</em>. The term <a title="Gerundive" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerundive"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;"><em>gerundive</em></span></a> is also applied to this.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">As applied to <a title="French language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">French</span></a>, it refers either the adverbial participle — also called the <a title="Gerundive" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerundive"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;"><em>gerundive</em></span></a> — or to the present <a title="Adjectival participle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjectival_participle"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">adjectival participle</span></a>.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">As applied to <a title="Hebrew language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">Hebrew</span></a>, it refers either to the verb&#8217;s action noun, or to the part of the <a title="Infinitive" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitive"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">infinitive</span></a> that follows the infinitival prefix (also called the <em>infinitival construct</em>).<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">As applied to <a title="Frisian language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisian_language"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">Frisian</span></a>, it refers to one of two verb forms frequentely referred to as <a title="Infinitive" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitive"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">infinitives</span></a>, this one ending in -n. It shows up in <a title="Nominalization" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominalization"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">nominalizations</span></a> and is selected by perception verbs.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">As applied to other languages, it may refer to almost any non-finite verb form; however, it most often refers to an action noun, by analogy with its use as applied to English or Latin.<br />
</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse;" border="0">
<col></col>
<tbody>
<tr style="height:187px;">
<td style="padding:1px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Contents<br />
</strong></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund"><span style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration:underline;font-family:Times New Roman;color:blue;">1 Gerunds in English</span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><br />
</span></div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund"><span style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration:underline;font-family:Times New Roman;color:blue;">1.1 Verb patterns with the gerund</span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><br />
</span></div>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund"><span style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration:underline;font-family:Times New Roman;color:blue;">1.1.1 Verbs followed by a gerund or a to-infinitive</span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><br />
</span></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund"><span style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration:underline;font-family:Times New Roman;color:blue;">1.1.2 Gerunds preceded by an object or a genitive</span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><br />
</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund"><span style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration:underline;font-family:Times New Roman;color:blue;">1.2 Gerunds and present participles</span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><br />
</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund"><span style="font-size:12pt;text-decoration:underline;font-family:Times New Roman;color:blue;">2 See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p><span style="font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Gerunds in English<br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">In English the gerund is identical in form to the present <a title="Participle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participle"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">participle</span></a> (ending in <em>-ing</em>) and can behave as a <a title="Verb" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">verb</span></a> within a <a title="Clause" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clause"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">clause</span></a> (so that it may be modified by an adverb or have an object), but the clause as a whole (sometimes consisting only of one word, the gerund) </span><span id="more-7"></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">acts as a <a title="Noun" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">noun</span></a> within the larger sentence. For example:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:36pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Editing this article is very easy.</em><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Within the clause &#8220;Editing this article&#8221;, the word &#8220;Editing&#8221; behaves as a verb; the phrase &#8220;this article&#8221; is the object of that verb. But the whole clause &#8220;Editing this article&#8221; acts as a noun within the sentence as a whole; it is the subject of the verb &#8220;is&#8221;.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Other examples of the gerund:<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I like <strong>swimming</strong>.</em> (<a title="Direct object" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_object"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">direct object</span></a>)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em><strong>Swimming</strong> is fun.</em> (<a title="Subject (grammar)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_%28grammar%29"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">subject</span></a>)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><a>Verb patterns with the gerund<br />
</a></strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><a>Verbs that are normally followed by a gerund include <em>admit, adore, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, carry on, consider, contemplate, delay, deny, describe, detest, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, feel, finish, give up, hear, imagine, include, justify, keep (on), listen to, mention, mind, miss, notice, observe, perceive, postpone, practice, quit, recall, report, resent, resume, risk, see, sense, stop, suggest, tolerate</em> and <em>watch</em>.<br />
</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><a>Additionally, the </a><a title="Preposition" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">prepositions</span></a> &#8220;into&#8221; and &#8220;out of&#8221; can be followed by a gerund.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">For example:<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>We postponed making any decision.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I simply adore reading what you write.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I detest going to the cinema.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>We heard whispering.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>His physician advised leaving home for a week.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>They denied having avoided me.</em> (= They denied that they had avoided me.)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>He talked me into coming to the party.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>They frightened her out of voicing her opinion.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Verbs followed by a gerund or a to-infinitive<br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>With little change in meaning</strong><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>begin, continue, start; hate, like, love, prefer</em><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">With <em>would</em>, the verbs <em>hate, like, love</em>, and <em>prefer</em> are usually followed by the <em>to</em>-<a title="Infinitive" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitive"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">infinitive</span></a>.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">For example:<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I hate to work.</em><br />
<strong>or</strong><br />
<em>I hate working.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I love to sleep.</em><br />
<strong>or</strong><br />
<em>I love sleeping.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I would like to work there.</em> (more usual than <em>working</em>)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">In these examples, if the subject of the verb is <strong>not</strong> the subject of the second verb, the second verb must be a gerund (instead of an infinitive)<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">If I am watching sports on television, for example, I can react to the programs only as follows:<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I hate boxing.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I love swimming.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>With a change in meaning</strong><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>dread</em> and <em>hate</em>:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">These two verbs are followed by a <em>to</em>-infinitive when talking hypothetically (usually when using <em>to think</em>), but by a gerund when talking about general dislikes.<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I dread / hate to think what she will do.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I dread / hate seeing him.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>forget</em> and <em>remember</em>:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">When these have meanings which are used to talk about the future from the given time, the <em>to</em>-infinitive is used, but when looking back in time, the gerund.<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>She forgot to tell me our plans.</em> (She did not tell me, though she should have.)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>She forgot telling me our plans.</em> (She told me, but then forgot having done so.)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I remembered to go to work.</em> (I remembered that I needed to go to work, and so I did.)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I remembered going to work.</em> (I remembered the action of previously going to work.)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>can&#8217;t bear</em>:<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I can&#8217;t bear to see you suffer like this.</em> (You are suffering now.)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I can&#8217;t bear being pushed round in crowds.</em> (I never like that.)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>go on</em>:<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>After winning the semi-finals, he went on to play in the finals.</em> (He completed the semi-finals, then later played in the finals.)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>He went on giggling, not having noticed the teacher enter.</em> (He continued doing so.)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>mean</em>:<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I didn&#8217;t mean to scare you off!</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Her having got a new job in the city meant leaving behind her familiar surroundings.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>advise, recommend</em> and <em>forbid</em>:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">These are followed by a <em>to</em>-infinitive when there is an object as well, but with a gerund otherwise.<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>The police advised us not to enter the building, for a murder had occurred.</em> (<em>us</em> is the object)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>The police advised against our entering the building.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>regret</em>:<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>We regret to inform you that you have failed your exam.</em> (a polite or formal form of <a title="Apology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apology"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">apology</span></a>)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I very much regret saying what I said.</em> (I wish I hadn&#8217;t said that.)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>consider, contemplate</em> and <em>recommend</em>:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">These verbs are followed by a <em>to</em>-infinitive only in the passive or with an object pronoun.<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>People consider her to be the best.</em> – She is considered to be the best.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I&#8217;m considering sleeping over, if you don&#8217;t mind.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>try</em>:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">When a <em>to</em>-infinitive is used, it means the subject makes an effort at; attempt or endeavor to do something. If a gerund is used, it means the subject attempts to do something in testing to see what might happen.<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>Please try to remember to post my letter.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>I have tried being stern, but to no avail.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Gerunds preceded by an object or a genitive<br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">A gerund can be used in combination with an object or a <a title="Genitive case" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitive_case"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">genitive</span></a> (possessive). The latter is considered more formal, and the only option when an adjective precedes the gerund, but is more common when the second verb applies to a person rather than an object.<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>We enjoyed them</em> (object pronoun) / <em>their</em> (genitive) <em>singing.</em><br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>We enjoyed their excellent singing.</em> (an object pronoun is not possible here)<br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><a>Gerunds and present participles<br />
</a></strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><a>Traditional English grammar distinguished between <em>gerunds</em> and <em>present participles</em>. Both terms refer to the non-finite verb form ending in <em>-ing</em> (<em>standing</em>, <em>swimming</em>, etc.); traditionally, the former was applied when the verb form was acting in some sense like a </a><a title="Noun" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">noun</span></a> (say, as the <a title="Subject (grammar)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_%28grammar%29"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">subject</span></a> or <a title="Object (grammar)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_%28grammar%29"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">subject</span></a> of a verb or <a title="Preposition" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">preposition</span></a>), and the latter when it was acting in some sense like an <a title="Adjective" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">adjective</span></a>. The analogous distinction is very clear in Latin, where gerunds and participles are <a title="Declension" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declension"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">declined</span></a> as nouns or adjectives, but the line is blurrier in English, and many modern linguists reject this distinction. <a title="The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cambridge_Grammar_of_the_English_Language"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;"><em>The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language</em></span></a>, a widely respected descriptive grammar by Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey Pullum, uses the term <em>gerund-participle</em>, and lists its various uses without commenting on which might be considered <em>nominal</em> and which <em>adjectival</em>.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Insofar as there is a distinction between gerunds and present participles, it is generally fairly clear which is which; a gerund-participle that is the subject or object of a prepositions is a gerund if it refers to the <em>performance</em> of an action (but note that present participles may be used <a title="Substantive adjective" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substantive_adjective"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">substantively</span></a> to refer to the <em>performer</em> of an action), while one that modifies a noun <a title="Attributive adjective" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attributive_adjective"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">attributively</span></a> or <a title="Absolute adjective" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_adjective"><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue;">absolutely</span></a> is a participle. The main source of potential ambiguity is when a gerund-participle follows a verb; in this case it may be seen either as a predicate adjective (in which case it&#8217;s a participle), or as a direct object or predicate nominative (in either of which cases it&#8217;s a gerund). In this case, a few transformations can help distinguish them. In the table that follows, ungrammatical sentences are marked with asterisks, per common linguistic practice; note that the transformations all produce grammatical sentences with similar meanings when applied to sentences with gerunds, but either ungrammatical sentences, or sentences with completely different meanings, when applied to sentences with participles.<br />
</span></p>
<div>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse;" border="0">
<col></col>
<col></col>
<col></col>
<tbody>
<tr style="background:#8064a2;">
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-left:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:white;"><strong>Transformation</strong></span></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:white;"><strong>Gerund use</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-right:solid #8064a2 1pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:white;"><strong>Participle use</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:none;border-left:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>(<em>none</em>)</strong></span></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:none;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">John suggested asking Bill.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:none;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-right:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">John kept asking Bill.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-left:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><a title="English passive voice" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>passivization</strong></span></a></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Asking Bill was suggested.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-right:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">*Asking Bill was kept.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:none;border-left:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><a title="Pronoun" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronoun"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>pronominal</strong></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong> substitution</strong></span></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:none;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">John suggested it.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:none;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-right:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">John kept it.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-left:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Use as a noun</strong></span></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">John suggested the asking of Bill.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-right:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">*John kept the asking of Bill.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:none;border-left:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Replacement with a finite <a title="Clause" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clause">clause</a></strong></span></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:none;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">John suggested that Bill be asked.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:none;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-right:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">*John kept that Bill be asked.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-left:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Use with an objective or possessive subject</strong></span></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">John suggested our asking Bill.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-right:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">*John kept his asking Bill.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:none;border-left:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><a title="Cleft sentence" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_sentence"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Clefting</strong></span></a></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:none;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Asking Bill is what John suggested.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-top:none;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-right:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">*Asking Bill is what John kept.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-left:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><a title="Left dislocation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_dislocation"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Left dislocation</strong></span></a></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"> ?Asking Bill John suggested.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;border-bottom:solid #8064a2 1pt;border-right:solid #8064a2 1pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">*Asking Bill John kept.</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span style="font-size:14pt;color:red;"><strong>Posted By:<br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span style="font-size:14pt;color:red;"><strong> Fahmi Ramadhan<br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span style="font-size:14pt;color:red;"><strong>XI IPA 6<br />
</strong></span></p>
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		<title>Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.!</title>
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